烏克蘭面孔——不要讓孩子捲入戰爭

俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後,移居美國的烏克蘭攝影師Yelena Yemchuk,在Instagram連續發佈三張身穿軍服的年輕女孩照片,她如此寫道:請不要讓這些孩子捲入戰爭,請讓我們美麗的國家烏克蘭擁有和平(Please don’t let these children be in a war please let there be peace in our beautiful, peaceful country Ukraine)。

說起著名的反戰照片,許多人會想起法國攝影師Marc Riboud的《鮮花與刺刀 The Flower and the Bayonet》。在Yelena Yemchuk發佈的照片中,身穿軍服的女孩笑容燦爛地望向鏡頭(另一位則流露著堅定的眼神),與戰場上的殘酷無情形成強烈的對比,同樣帶出反戰的訊息。

Yelena Yemchuk在1970年生於烏克蘭首都基輔,11歲時與家人移居美國,14歲生日時爸爸贈送她一部相機,自從對攝影感興趣。她曾為美國搖滾樂隊The Smashing Pumpkins的《Zero》和《Thirty-Three》等歌曲執導MV,也為《iD》及《Vogue》等雜誌拍攝時尚攝影作品。雖然移居美國多年,但她仍心繫烏克蘭,每年回去故鄉,2011年出版的首本攝影集《Gidropark》,正記錄人們在基輔聶伯河畔的公園度過夏日,近年則籌備另一本攝影集《Odessa》——位於黑海西北岸的烏克蘭港灣都市。

The images of young girls in military uniforms that photographer Yelena Yemchuk posted on Instagram impressed the world. She wrote: Please don’t let these children be in a war, please let there be peace in our beautiful, peaceful country Ukraine.

Speaking of famous anti-war photos, Marc Riboud’s “The Flower and the Bayonet” is probably the first thing that came to our mind. In Yelena Yemchuk’s images, girls in a military uniform look at the camera with a bright smile, which contrasts sharply with the brutality on the battlefield and carries an anti-war message.

Yelena Yemchuk was born in Kyiv in 1970. She immigrated to the United States with her family when she was 11 years old. On her 14th birthday, her father gave her a camera, and she became interested in photography ever since. Yelena first gained public attention by directing music videos for The Smashing Pumpkins and later created fashion photography for magazines such as iD and Vogue.

The photographer keeps visiting her home country every year. Her first photo book “Gidropark,” published in 2011, documented people are spending summers in the parks near the Dnieper River in Kyiv. She also made two short films and a photobook in Odessa, a Ukrainian port city on the northwest coast of the Black Sea.

烏克蘭女士兵、基輔教堂合唱團、頓巴斯地區的小男孩,當俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後,現居烏克蘭的英國藝術家Mark Neville陸續發佈過去數年在當地拍攝的照片。2015年,他開始記錄烏克蘭人的生活,包括Odessa海灘的度假者、匈牙利邊境的羅姆人社區,以及生活在烏克蘭東部前線的平民和士兵。深深被這片土地吸引的他,2020年更從倫敦移居烏克蘭,更投入地記錄這個東歐國度,然而他鏡頭下的烏克蘭人,這刻或許現在正面臨著流離失所或不同程度的威脅。

早在五年前開始,他已籌備攝影集《Stop Tanks With Books》,希望透過影像及文字改變人們對戰爭的看法。此書匯集80張烏克蘭人的照片,也收錄烏克蘭小說家Lyuba Yakimchuk書寫關於衝突的文字。在攝影集即將推出之際,俄軍侵略了烏克蘭,他於是準備將其中750本寄給世界各地有影響力的人士,既帶出反戰的訊息,同時希望國際社會幫助烏克蘭,以阻止俄羅斯的進一步入侵。

A female soldier, Kyiv church choirs, a little boy in the Donbas region, British artist Mark Neville has successively posted Ukrainian portraitures after Russia invaded Ukraine. Mark started documenting life in Ukraine in 2015, devotedly photographing holidaymakers on the beach of Odessa, the Roma communities on the Hungarian border, soldiers and civilians living on the frontline in Eastern Ukraine. Mark was deeply attracted by the nation and moved to Ukraine from London In 2020.

Five years ago, he prepared the photo book “Stop Tanks With Books,” hoping to change people’s view of war through images and words. The book brought together 80 of his Ukrainian photographs and short stories about the conflict from Ukrainian novelist Lyuba Yakimchuk.

With the Russian troops invading Ukraine, many Ukrainians face displacement or death threats. Mark is sending out 750 complimentary copies of the book to influential people worldwide. The book not only brings out anti-war messages but also calls on the international community to support Ukraine and help deter further Russian intrusion urgently.

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反戰作品——Stand With Ukraine

俄軍入侵烏克蘭後,不僅全球多個國家及俄羅斯本土多個城市出現反戰示威,當地及世界各地藝術家及攝影師也以作品表達反戰的立場。

美國攝影師Jason Siegel作品「Shoot Portraits, Not People」。

在英文裏,Shoot指的是開槍、射殺,也有拍攝、拍照的意思,攝影師以這個語帶雙關的詞語為靈感,從2016年開始回收各種相機、鏡頭、菲林、三腳架等攝影器材,然後與藝術家Keith D’angelo一起組裝成不同的「武器」,包括各種衝鋒槍、機關槍及手榴彈等。這系列作品十分有創意,同時帶出反暴力、反戰爭的訊息,作品曾在新墨西哥州Evoke Contemporary畫廊等多處地方展出。

After Russia invaded Ukraine, many countries had anti-war demonstrations. It is reminiscent of “Shoot Portraits, Not People,” created by American photographer Jason Siegel. Shoot refers to pulling the trigger in English and also means taking pictures. The photographer took this pun as inspiration and began to collect used cameras, lenses, films, tripods, and other photographic equipment since 2016, and assembled different “weapons” with artist Keith D’Angelo, including various submachine guns, machine guns, and grenades. These creative artworks carry a message of anti-violence and anti-war and have been exhibited in multiple places, including Evoke Contemporary Gallery in New Mexico.

Vadim Solovyov在2019年開始以Photoshop的創作手法, 描繪各種巨型動物出現在聖彼得堡或莫斯科城市街頭,包括企鵝、熊、鴨、蛇及狐狸等,至今已在Instagram發佈逾百幅作品。這些超現實風格的影像十分引人入勝,同時也帶有反烏托邦的意味。他的創作以社會現況或時下局勢為靈感,日前俄羅斯侵略烏克蘭後,他隨即創作這幅作品,一位孩子坐在草地上,天空中飄起一架插滿鮮花、已經解體的坦克,藉此帶出反戰的訊息。

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine not only sparked a mass anti-war movement in Russian cities, but local artists also expressed their “No To War” stance with artworks. 

The Digital artist Vadim Solovyov from St. Petersburg has an aesthetic obsession with surrealism. He started creating artworks with Photoshop in 2019, depicting various giant animals appearing on the streets of St. Petersburg or Moscow, including penguins, bears, ducks, snakes, and foxes, a total of over 100 artworks on Instagram so far. These surreal images are fascinating. 

Social issues or the global situation inspired the artist. After Russia invaded Ukraine a few days ago, he immediately created this work to bring out an anti-war message. A child is sitting on the grass, and a disintegrated tank full of flowers is floating in the sky. He said: “It hurts. No war. Stop it. “

No War by Shusaku Takaoka

日本平面設計師舒坂高岡(Shusaku Takaoka)擅長以「拼貼」手法進行創作,2015年開始,他將經典名畫、電影畫面或大眾熟悉的影像進行創意拼揍,以刻意的反差感帶來一幅幅充滿趣味的作品。他的作品也以時事為靈感,2015年巴黎發生恐怖襲擊事件,他隨即創作一幅以酒塞擋住槍口的作品;近日俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭,他也創作一幅「No War」的作品,飛行中的轟炸機投下一排炸彈,最後卻變成一隻隻飛鳥,藉此傳達出反戰的訊息。

Japanese graphic designer Shusaku Takaoka started creating inventive artworks by collaging classic paintings or movie stills with popular images in 2015. He drew inspiration from the Paris attack in 2015 and immediately developed an artwork of wine cork blocking a gun. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine recently sparked his idea by creating the artwork “No War.” A bomber dropped a row of bombs suddenly turned into flying birds, which carried a message of anti-war.

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鮮花與刺刀 和平與暴力

6月12日在香港的示威活動,許多畫面令人痛心疾首,一位參與示威的媽媽痛哭向警方呼籲並慢慢走進警方盾牌面前的情景、一位青年中彈後抽搐吐血的畫面,至今歷歷在目。這兩個場面,分別令我想起已故Magnum Photos法國攝影師Marc Riboud與普立茲新聞獎(Pulitzer Prize)得主John Filo的反越戰作品,鮮花與刺刀,是那個年代最好的見證。

<March for Peace in Vietnam> by Marc Riboud

1967年10月21日,近十萬人遊行至美國首都華盛頓的五角大樓,抗議美國介入當時的越南戰爭,Magnum攝影師Marc Riboud拍攝了整個遊行過程,最後一格菲林拍攝的畫面也是最著名的一張,一位名為Jan Rose Kasmir的17歲高中女生手握鮮花,站在阻擋示威者的士兵前面。其實當時Jan並不知道這畫面被Marc Riboud拍攝下來,但鮮花與刺刀對立的畫面,卻成為反戰的象徵。

<Kent State Shootings> by John Filo

Marc Riboud那張「鮮花與刺刀」照片成為經典,另一張由美國攝影師John Filo拍攝的反越戰照片<Kent State Shootings>,背後卻是個悲傷故事。1970年4月尾,尼克遜總統宣佈擴大越南戰爭,進軍越南鄰國柬埔寨,消息引來全國多個城市的抗議活動,包括俄亥俄州肯特市,可惜最終釀成肯特州立大學槍擊事件(Kent State shootings)。

5月1日,學生開始在校園示威,之後慢慢在校園散去,準備5月4日再次集會。不過示威活動卻擴散到肯特市的不同地方,亦有不少人趁機進行破壞,於是俄亥俄州派遣國民警衛隊(National Guard)到肯特市,不僅向人群使用催淚彈,還展開大規模逮捕行動。5月4日,肯特州立大學的學生再次舉行集會,當時警衛隊試圖驅散聚集的學生,不過大多數人依然拒絕散開,警衛隊於是開始使用催淚彈,及後拿着步槍向人群邁進,驅散公共草坪上的抗議者,此時很多學生已經離開,但仍有部分人留下來與士兵們對峙。

突然間,警衛隊士兵忽然一齊開槍,有的朝天開槍,有的則瞄準了學生,在短短13秒時間內發射出近70發子彈,造成四名學生死亡、九名學生受傷。身為學生的一分子,John Filo同時也是一名兼職的新聞攝影師,當時他正在學校的攝影室裏,聽到槍聲後馬上衝出去拍照,當他跑過去距離開槍不遠的地方時,見到一位15歲少女Mary Ann Vecchio跪在中槍學生面前大聲痛哭,迅速地拍攝下來,照片刊登在《New York Times》封面,也為他贏得普立茲新聞獎(Pulitzer Prize)。

抗爭歌手Neil Young知道這個故事後,隨即創作了歌曲<Ohio>,歌詞是這樣寫的:Tin soldiers and Nixon coming/ We’re finally on our own/ This summer I hear the drumming/ Four dead in Ohio。

<Bosnian War> by Ron Haviv

相信許多人都聽過鄭秀文的《薩拉熱窩的羅密歐與茱麗葉》這首歌,故事講述一對年輕戀人想逃離戰爭中的Sarajevo,最後被軍隊殺死的真實故事。發生於1992年至1995年的波黑戰爭(Bosnian War)造成逾十萬人死亡,1993年由美國記者Mark H. Milstein拍攝的「Romeo and Juliet in Sarajevo」,由於被製作成紀錄片及改編成流行曲,固然廣為人知。另一張非常著名的照片由美國攝影師Ron Haviv在1992年3月31日拍攝。

當時戰爭尚未正式展開,在波黑東北部城市Bijeljina,Ron Haviv是第一批進入當地的攝影記者,他獲准跟隨當地塞爾維亞武裝部隊Serb Volunteer Guard(也稱Arkan’s Tigers)在街上巡邏。儘管事前被警告不能拍攝任何殺戮的照片,不過當他目睹三名穆斯林被士兵槍殺時,還是冒險按下快門,將一名士兵用皮靴踢女人頭顱的畫面捕捉下來。事後他回憶起當時的情形,說自己正在發抖,幸好拍攝時三名士兵都沒有發現,當他把相機放下之後,士兵才轉過頭來。

《時代週刊》一週之後出版這相片,很快引起國際關注,武裝部隊指揮官Arkan(原名Zeljko Raznatovic)得悉後非常惱火,將Ron Haviv綁架及毒打,最後在西方干預下釋放,不過之後還是把Ron Haviv列入死亡名單。照片拍攝後不久,波黑戰爭全面展開,持續三年八個月,Ron Haviv仍冒險在當地拍攝,紀錄下這場種族屠殺。戰後,這張照片成為海牙國際法庭指證Arkan種族清洗的罪證,然而Arkan否認殺人的事實,也沒有被審判,直至2000年被人槍殺。